Citation Styles and Style Manuals

 

Handouts  *  About citation  *  Citation styles  * Guides and web resources

 

 

Handouts 

 

Chicago Style Bibliographic Format.doc

 

 

MLA Bibliographic Format.doc

 

About Citation

 

What is citation? A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including:

  • information about the author
  • the title of the work
  • the name and location of the company that published your copy of the source
  • the date your copy was published
  • the page numbers of the material you are borrowing

 

 

Why should I cite sources? Giving credit to the original author by citing sources is the only way to use other people's work without plagiarizing. But there are a number of other reasons to cite sources:

  • Citations are extremely helpful to anyone who wants to find out more about your ideas and where they came from.
  • Not all sources are good or right -- your own ideas may often be more accurate or interesting than those of your sources. Proper citation will keep you from taking the rap for someone else's bad ideas.
  • Citing sources shows the amount of research you've done.
  • Citing sources strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas.

 

 

Doesn't citing sources make my work seem less original? Not at all. On the contrary, citing sources actually helps your reader distinguish your ideas from those of your sources. This will actually emphasize the originality of your own work.

 

When do I need to cite? Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their source. The following situations almost always require citation:

  • Whenever you use quotes
  • Whenever you paraphrase
  • Whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed
  • Whenever you make specific reference to the work of another
  • Whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your own ideas.

Turnitin.com

 

Citation Styles 

APA

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.

Green Library REF 808.0661 PUB

Style Manual of the American Psychological Association, frequently used for scientific papers. APA style is used for research in linguistics; human, behavioral, social, and political sciences; education; computer science and information management; business and management; and environmental and physical sciences.

·         Son of Citation Machine: APA Format, created by David Warlick of The Landmark Project, automatically generates citations in APA style based on information you enter into a template.

·         The APA Wizard from StyleWizard.com will take you through the steps for the most common types of cited works providing you with assistance on how to input specific information.  As long as you enter the information correctly, the Wizard will result in a correct APA citation.

·         Citation Styles Handbook: APA, available from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Writer’s Workshop, includes a summary of APA style and numerous examples of citations.

·         Psychology With Style: A Hypertext Writing Guide, available from the University of Wisconsin, provides a summary of APA rules for formatting a research paper or research review and provides examples. Useful for students and instructors of experimental and research methods courses.

·         APA Research Style Crib Sheet, originally written by Russ Dewey, revised and updated by Bill Scott and Doc Scribe, provides a concise summary of APA rules and examples of citations.

·         APA Documentation, available online from The Writing Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, provides examples of citations and bibliographies in APA style.

·         APA Formatting and Style Guide, available online from the Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue, provides guidelines and examples for formatting a paper and for citing sources in APA style.

·         APA Style: Electronic References, available online from the American Psychological Association, provides guidelines and examples for citing electronic sources in APA style.

·         Citing Electronic Documentation: APA Style, available online from the University of Minnesota Online Writing Center, provides examples of how to cite World Wide Web sources, electronic journals, personal communications such as e-mail, and CD-ROMS, using APA format.

·         American Psychological Association Style Guides, available from the Ely Library at Westfield State College, lists sites that provide examples of citations in APA style.

 

Chicago/Turabian

The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed.

 

Chicago Style Bibliographic Format.doc Green Library REF 808.027 CHI

Green Library REF 808.027 CHI 

Style manual of the University of Chicago Press. This manual is used by many publishers, editors, and professors throughout the English-speaking world as a guide to manuscript preparation. Chicago style is used for academic writing in history, political science, business, and the humanities.

·         Son of Citation Machine: Chicago Format, created by David Warlick of The Landmark Project, automatically generates citations in Chicago style based on information you enter into a template.

·         The Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide from the Ohio State University Libraries Web site provides sample bibliography and in-text citations for both the Author-Date style of citation (recommended for natural sciences and social sciences) and the Notes-Bibliography style (used for fine arts, history, literature, etc.).

·         The University of Chicago Press Web site provides Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation, as well as a Q&A that discusses particular situations and examples that were not covered in detail in the book.

·         The American Anthropological Association (AAA) has created an AAA Style Guide, based on The Chicago Manual of Style and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, for authors and editors of their in-house publications.

·         Citing Electronic Documentation: Chicago Style, available online from the University of Minnesota Online Writing Center, provides examples of how to cite World Wide Web sources, electronic journals, personal communications such as e-mail, and CD-ROMS, using Chicago format.

A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th edition, by Kate L. Turabian, revised by John Grossman and Alice Bennett.

Based on The Chicago Manual of Style, this is one of the most frequently used style manuals for student papers at university.

·         Chicago/Turabian Documentation, available online from The Writing Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, provides examples of citations and bibliographies in the Chicago/Turabian style.

·         Turabian Style Guide, from the USM Libraries Web site, provides samples of some of the most common types of citations in bibliographies, including government documents and electronic resources.

·         Turabian Citation Guide, from the OSU Libraries Web site, provides samples of citations in bibliography, footnote, and in-text style.

·         Citation Guide: Turabian, from Concordia University Libraries, provides a brief introduction with examples for citations in Turabian format. [PDF format requires Adobe Reader.]

·         The Clement C. Maxwell Library Web site at Bridgewater State College provides online guides to both the Chicago style and the Turabian style.

 

MLA

MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed., by Joseph Gibaldi.

Green Library REF 808.027 GIB

MLA Bibliographic Format.doc 

Style manual of the Modern Language Association of America, this is a standard guide for high school students and undergraduate college students. MLA style is used for writing about language and literature, the arts, the humanities, and some sciences.


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